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Substance Abuse Withdrawal:
Managing Symptoms Safely and Effectively

Continuum Outpatient Center provides personalized support, medical supervision, and holistic therapies to manage substance abuse withdrawal.

What is Substance Abuse Withdrawal?

Substance abuse withdrawal refers to the physiological and psychological symptoms that occur when an individual reduces or discontinues the use of a substance on which their body has become dependent.

Substance abuse withdrawal is not merely a set of uncomfortable symptoms – it is a tangible manifestation of the body’s adjustment to living without a substance it learned to rely on for normal functioning.
substance abuse withdrawal

Overview of Substance Abuse Withdrawal

Addictive substances can influence brain activity by interacting with neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers responsible for regulating mood, cognition, and behavior. Over time, the body adapts to these external influences and reduces its natural production of certain chemicals.
When someone stops substance use abruptly, their body experiences a sudden imbalance. This occurs because the body’s natural production of neurotransmitters cannot compensate for the missing substance.
This adjustment phase can lead to a variety of withdrawal symptoms, the severity and duration of which depends on:

Recognizing Common Substance Abuse Withdrawal Symptoms

Each substance type affects the body and brain in varying ways. This includes:

Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

Below are the most common symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal:

Tremors

Tremors are often one of the first symptoms to appear once someone stops alcohol use. They stem from hyperactivity in the nervous system as the sedative effects of alcohol wear off.

Anxiety

Heightened nervousness and restlessness are common. This occurs due to dysregulation of the brain’s stress-response system, particularly the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Nausea and Vomiting

Alcohol disrupts the gastrointestinal system. Withdrawal can worsen this, leading to nausea and, in some cases, severe vomiting.

Sweating and Increased Heart Rate

These are physical manifestations of the body’s attempt to normalize autonomic functions previously suppressed by alcohol.

Seizures

Some individuals may experience seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These are more common in cases of long-term heavy alcohol use. Up to one-third of individuals undergoing severe alcohol withdrawal are reported to have seizures.1

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

This rare, but dangerous, condition usually develops 48 hours after sudden cessation of alcohol use.
DTs occur due to a sudden, dramatic shift in brain chemistry. The GABA and glutamate systems are particularly affected, necessitating immediate medical care. In severe cases, DTs can cause death in 37% of individuals.2

Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

People experiencing opioid withdrawal usually exhibit the following symptoms:

Muscle Pain and Cramping

Muscle aches result from the body’s inability to produce natural pain-relieving endorphins during withdrawal.

Sweating and Chills

Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system leads to profuse sweating. This is followed by chills, as the body struggles to stabilize its temperature.

Insomnia and Restlessness

Insomnia often occurs as the brain works to rebalance neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.

Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

Gastrointestinal symptoms arise from heightened activity in the gut, as opioids typically slow down digestion.

Intense Cravings

The brain’s reward pathways remain sensitized to opioids. This causes overpowering cravings that can dominate the withdrawal experience.

Anxiety and Irritability

Dysregulated stress hormones, including cortisol, contribute to heightened emotional sensitivity.

Depression

A lack of dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and motivation, often leads to feelings of hopelessness or despair.

Duration of Opioid Withdrawal

The duration of opioid withdrawal symptoms depends on the type of opioid used. Withdrawal from short-acting opioids typically lasts between four to 10 days. By comparison, withdrawal symptoms from long-acting opioids can last up to 20 days.3

Stimulant Withdrawal Symptoms

Stimulants include substances such as cocaine, amphetamines, and prescription medications such as Adderall.

Withdrawal from stimulants often involves the following symptoms:

Fatigue

Intense exhaustion is common as the body attempts to recover from the overstimulation caused by the substance. Individuals may experience a profound lack of energy, often referred to as a “crash.”

Sleep Disturbances

Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) can occur as the body adjusts to life without the substance.

Increased Appetite

During use, stimulants suppress appetite, and withdrawal can lead to heightened hunger as the body tries to replenish nutrients and energy stores.

Depression

As dopamine levels drop sharply, individuals often experience:
  • Deep sadness
  • Apathy
  • Extreme frustration
  • Suicidal thoughts
The severity and length of depression during stimulant withdrawal can differ significantly.

For instance, depression caused by cocaine use typically resolves quickly, often within a few hours to a couple of days. However, depression and suicidal thoughts linked to withdrawal from high-dose methamphetamine use tend to last longer.4

Anxiety and Irritability

Withdrawal disrupts the regulation of stress hormones, leading to heightened tension and mood swings. These symptoms typically peak within the first few days and require ongoing emotional support and care.

Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptoms

Benzodiazepines, such as Xanax, Valium, and Ativan, are prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. Studies show that 10% to 25% of long-term benzodiazepine users experience prolonged withdrawal symptoms after stopping.5

These can involve:

Physical Symptoms

Tremors, muscle tension, and sweating are common due to the hyperactivation of the central nervous system. Headaches, blurred vision, and gastrointestinal upset may also occur.

Psychological Symptoms

Rebound anxiety and insomnia often appear shortly after stopping benzodiazepines. Severe cases may lead to panic attacks, hallucinations, and seizures, particularly with abrupt cessation.

Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms

While cannabis withdrawal is generally milder than that of substances like benzodiazepines or stimulants, it can still be challenging. Cannabis affects the endocannabinoid system, which regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.
Common withdrawal symptoms include:

Physical Symptoms

Headaches, sweating, and abdominal discomfort are commonly reported. Reduced appetite or weight loss may occur in the initial withdrawal phase.

Psychological Symptoms

Irritability, restlessness, and mild anxiety are frequent as the brain adjusts to lower levels of cannabinoid activity. Sleep disturbances, including vivid dreams or nightmares, are also prevalent.

Other Substances

Symptoms associated with other substances include:
  • Hallucinogens: Withdrawal is typically less intense but may involve psychological symptoms like depression or flashbacks.
  • Inhalants: These substances can cause lingering cognitive and emotional effects. However, withdrawal symptoms are often mild.
  • Synthetic drugs (e.g., synthetic cannabinoids or bath salts): Withdrawal can be unpredictable. Symptoms can range from severe agitation and paranoia to physical discomfort.

The Risk of Relapse During Substance Abuse Withdrawal

Withdrawal often represents one of the most vulnerable phases in the recovery journey. For individuals facing severe physical or emotional symptoms, the immediate relief provided by substance use may seem like the only way to escape discomfort.
As withdrawal progresses, several factors can contribute to the heightened risk of relapse, including:

Fatigue and Exhaustion

Physical depletion can make it difficult to engage in supportive activities or access help. This leaves individuals isolated and more vulnerable to relapse.

Lack of a Support System

Isolation or a lack of understanding from friends and family can exacerbate feelings of loneliness. This can make recovery feel unattainable.

Environmental Cues

Returning to familiar environments associated with substance use can reignite cravings and undermine progress.
Having a strong support system is crucial for managing withdrawal and preventing relapse. It provides the guidance that individuals need in order to overcome challenges and build a foundation for lasting health.

Managing Substance Abuse Withdrawal Symptoms

At Continuum Outpatient Center, we use a comprehensive approach to support individuals through substance abuse withdrawal.
This involves:

Comprehensive Assessments

Every individual entering our treatment center undergoes a thorough medical evaluation. This includes a review of:
  • The substance used
  • Duration of use
  • Overall health
  • Co-occurring conditions
These assessments inform personalized treatment plans designed to address specific risks.

Safety and Risk Mitigation

Professional supervision ensures life-threatening symptoms are quickly identified and treated. Ongoing monitoring reduces risks and allows prompt interventions when needed.

Medications Used in Substance Abuse Withdrawal Management

We may utilize a range of medications as part of medication-assisted treatments (MAT). Among these medications are:

Methadone and Buprenorphine

For individuals withdrawing from opioids, methadone and buprenorphine are among the most effective medications. They work by partially activating opioid receptors in the brain. This can reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms without producing a euphoric high.
According to research, opioid overdose deaths drop by 59% with methadone and 38% with buprenorphine use.6
Methadone is often used for individuals with severe dependency, offering long-lasting symptom relief. Buprenorphine has a lower risk of misuse and is usually paired with naloxone to prevent relapse.

Benzodiazepines

These medications are commonly prescribed for managing alcohol withdrawal. They provide a sedative effect, stabilizing the nervous system as it adjusts to the absence of alcohol. Professional supervision is crucial for the safe tapering of benzodiazepines. This helps avoid creating a new dependency.

Antidepressants and Antipsychotics

For individuals experiencing severe mood disturbances or psychosis during substance abuse withdrawal, these medications can stabilize emotional well-being and prevent self-harm.

Therapeutic Support During Substance Abuse Withdrawal

Below are some of the key therapeutic interventions we use as the foundation of our substance abuse withdrawal care:

Individual Counseling

One-on-one sessions provide a safe space to explore the underlying causes of substance use. We assist individuals in managing withdrawal-related depression by working with them to:
  • Identify triggers
  • Manage cravings
  • Develop coping strategies 

Group Therapy and Peer Support

Group therapy helps individuals share experiences and draw strength from others navigating similar challenges. This peer support fosters a sense of community, reducing feelings of isolation during substance abuse withdrawal.

Family Counseling

Substance abuse withdrawal can be a vulnerable time for individuals and their loved ones. Our family therapy sessions help rebuild trust and provide loved ones with tools to support the recovery journey.

Holistic Therapies for Substance Abuse Withdrawal Relief

Continuum Outpatient Center utilizes the following key holistic and complementary therapies for managing substance abuse withdrawal:

Mindfulness and Stress Reduction Techniques

Mindfulness practices provide powerful tools for calming the mind and promoting relaxation. These include:

Meditation

Guided meditation sessions create a supportive environment where individuals can practice:
  • Releasing stress
  • Easing anxiety and quieting repetitive thoughts
  • Developing a greater sense of control over their thoughts

Yoga

Yoga combines physical movement with mindful breathing to promote relaxation. This helps release tension stored in the body.

Our yoga sessions are tailored to individual needs, emphasizing gentle poses that:
  • Enhance flexibility
  • Improve circulation
  • Reduce physical discomfort  

Deep Breathing Exercises

Simple yet powerful, deep breathing techniques play an important role in stress management. Practices like diaphragmatic breathing can activate the parasympathetic nervous system. This helps manage the heightened stress response that commonly occurs during substance abuse withdrawal.e

Physical Activity and Wellness Routines

Key aspects of physical wellness at Continuum Outpatient Center include:

Exercise for Emotional and Physical Recovery

We encourage regular physical activity to help individuals manage stress and improve mood. Activities like walking, light strength training, or stretching increase endorphin levels. This provides natural relief from anxiety and depression.

Sleep Hygiene

Adequate sleep is critical for emotional stability and physical repair. We guide individuals in developing healthy sleep routines by recommending:
  • Consistent bedtime schedules
  • Strategies for creating a calming pre-sleep environment
  • Relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation

Benefits of Substance Abuse Withdrawal in Outpatient Settings

Outpatient withdrawal management provides numerous advantages. The most common among them are:

Flexibility

Outpatient programs allow individuals to maintain their regular commitments, such as:
  • Work
  • School
  • Caregiving responsibilities
This flexibility ensures that withdrawal management can be integrated seamlessly into their lives without significant disruption.

Family and Community Support

Remaining at home during treatment allows individuals to draw strength from their support systems. Family members, friends, or trusted mentors can provide encouragement and practical assistance. This can further reinforce the recovery process.

Cost-Effectiveness

Compared to inpatient programs, outpatient care is typically more affordable while still providing access to professional resources and therapies.

Real-World Application

Outpatient care enables individuals to address substance abuse withdrawal while navigating their usual environment. This immediate integration fosters the development of coping mechanisms and resilience.

Determining If Outpatient Care is Right for You

Choosing outpatient care requires careful consideration of several factors, including:

Level of Dependency

Outpatient care is most appropriate for individuals with mild to moderate substance dependency. Those with severe withdrawal risks may require inpatient care for immediate medical intervention.

Overall Health

Physical and mental health play a critical role in determining the suitability of outpatient care. Individuals with co-occurring conditions may need more intensive support. Conversely, those in good overall health are often strong candidates for outpatient withdrawal management.

Access to Support

A robust support network, including family, friends, or community resources, enhances the effectiveness of outpatient care. Patients with limited personal support may face challenges that make inpatient care a safer option.

Commitment to Treatment

A high level of personal accountability is essential for outpatient programs. This is because patients are not under 24/7 supervision. Those with a strong commitment to following treatment recommendations are well-suited for outpatient care.
substance abuse withdrawal

Substance Abuse Withdrawal Programs

We are dedicated to providing structured care for individuals undergoing withdrawal. We ensure patients’ safety by offering regular medical check-ins to:
  • Monitor vital signs
  • Assess symptom management
  • Adjust medications as needed

Flexible Scheduling

At Continuum Outpatient Center, we recognize the importance of balancing treatment with daily responsibilities. This is why we offer flexible scheduling for therapy and medical check-ins—both in-person and online. This allows patients to remain connected to their routines while prioritizing recovery.

Continuity of Care

Our outpatient programs are structured to transition seamlessly into ongoing care. We equip patients with tools for sustained recovery, including:
  • Extended therapy sessions
  • Access to support groups
  • Practical relapse prevention strategies

Additionally, we partner with Ripple Ranch Recovery Center for inpatient care, meaning that you or your loved one can transition easily from any type of care with our all-inclusive treatment system.

Start Your Recovery Journey Today

If you or a loved one is facing the challenges of substance abuse withdrawal, don’t wait to seek support. We offer compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique journey.
Reach out online today to get started. Together, we’ll create a personalized plan that supports your journey to lasting health and freedom.

Your path to lasting health and freedom starts with this first step – contact us now.

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Questions About Treatment?
Reach out to our knowledgeable and compassionate Continuum Outpatient Center team for the guidance and support you need for sustainable recovery. We’re here to help you build a foundation for long-term happiness, wellness, and healing.
210-405-5935
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Continuum Outpatient Center

6200 UTSA Blvd Ste #102
San Antonio, TX 78249
210-405-5935

Admissions Hours

Monday – Friday: 7 am to 9 pm
Saturday and Sunday: 10 am to 8 pm

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